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Sensitivity to flicker appears to diminish with increasing age. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE H Hertz The unit of frequency named after the physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894). 1 hertz (Hz) is equal to 1 cycle/second. Horizontal dot pitch See Dot pitch. Horizontal scanning frequency Also called line frequency and expressed in kHz, it is the number of video lines written on the screen every second (from left to right). The higher the horizontal scanning frequency, the better the resolution (i.e., the higher the resolution and/or the higher the refresh rate). RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE I INF File INF file (Information File) Information (INF) files store information in a specific format. The set-up functions retrieve information from the INF file to use when performing installation operations. Examples of the type of information stored in an INF file include INI and registry changes, file names, and locations of the source files on source media. Interlaced/non-interlaced Interlaced. The method of writing a picture on the screen by initially writing all even lines and subsequently writing all odd lines of the picture. Result: The complete picture is composed of two interlaced half pictures (or fields). With interlacing, a vertical (or field) frequency of 50 Hz means a picture (or frame) frequency of 25 Hz. Non-interlaced. The method of writing a picture on the screen by successive video lines of the picture so that a full frame is written onto the screen in one vertical sweep of the beams. With a non-interlaced display, a vertical frequency of 50 Hz means a picture (or frame) frequency of 50 Hz. At any given resolution, non-interlaced modes are preferable to interlaced modes; however, generation of non-interlaced modes is more expensive. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE L Linearity The degree to measure the actual location of a pixel on the screen corresponds with its intended location. ( see figure ) Line frequency See Horizontal scanning frequency. Low-emission monitor A monitor that complies with international standards on radiation. See Electromagnetic radiation standards. Low-frequency electric and magnetic fields Alternating fields generated by the deflection yoke. These are subject to increasing attention, notably by governing authorities, the trade and the press. Although there is no scientific evidence that monitor emissions are harmful, much effort has gone into reducing emissions on the principle of better safe than sorry. Currently, there are two areas of interest: very-low frequency (VLF) electric and magnetic fields extending from 2 kHz to 400 kHz, and extreme low frequency (ELF) fields extending from 5 Hz to 2 kHz. See also Electromagnetic radiation standards. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE M Moire effect A fringe pattern arising from the interference between two superimposed line patterns. In a monitor it comes from the interference between the shadow mask pattern and the video information (video moire), and between the shadow mask pattern and the horizontal line pattern (scan moire). It shows itself as wavy patterns on the screen and becomes more noticeable as monitor resolution increases. Since the video signal varies continuously, little can be done about video moire. Scan moire depends on the horizontal scanning frequency and can be alleviated by appropriate choice of frequency. Autoscan (MultiSync) monitors, which operate over a range of scanning frequencies, may sometimes exhibit moire in certain video modes. MPR See Electromagnetic radiation standards. MultiSync monitor See Autoscan monitor. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE N Non-interlaced See Interlaced/non-interlaced. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE O OSD (On Screen Display) The feature that allows an end user to adjust screen performance and parameters of monitors directly through an on-screen instruction window. See CustoMax in CrystalClear section. Overscan The practice in which areas without useful video information are scanned outside the visible screen area in order to make maximum use of the screen for display of active video information. This practice is occasionally necessary because some video cards generate a video pattern that is smaller than the visible screen area, resulting in an image that is smaller (and less legible) than it needs to be. RETURN TO TOP OF THE PAGE P Parallelogram Distortion See Geometric distortion. Phosphor Generic name for the class of substances that exhibit luminescence. To produce a picture on screen, phosphors are deposited on the inner surface of the picture-tube screen and excited into luminescence by the electron beam. Typical examples of phosphors are P22 medium short-persistence phosphor and EBU high-color-saturation phosphor. Pin-cushion Distortion See Geometric distortion. Pixel Abbreviation for picture element, the smallest element of the picture that can be displayed on the screen. The smaller the pixel size, the better the resolution of the monitor. Pixel size is determined by the size of the electron spot on the s...