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See 15 . nPr, nCr: Permutation (nPr) and combination (nCr) functions. See 16 . Rnd : The argument of this function is made a decimal value and then rounded in accordance with the current number of display digits setting (Norm, Fix, or Sci). With Norm 1 or Norm 2, the argument is rounded off to 10 digits. With Fix and Sci, the argument is rounded off to the specified digit. When Fix 3 is the display digits setting, for example, the result of 10 . 3 is displayed as 3.333, while the calculator maintains a value of 3.33333333333333 (15 digits) internally for calculation. In the case of Rnd(10.3) = 3.333 (with Fix 3), both the displayed value and the calculator’s internal value become 3.333. Because of this a series of calculations will produce different results depending on whether Rnd is used (Rnd(10.3) .. 3 = 9.999) or not used (10 . 3 ....3 = 10.000). See 17 . Note: Using functions can slow down a calculation, which may delay display of the result. Do not perform any subsequent operation while waiting for the calculation result to appear. To interrupt an ongoing calculation before its result appears, press ... Integration and Differential Calculation Precautions • Integration and differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode (....) only. • The following cannot be used in f(x), a, b, or tol: Pol, Rec, .., d/dx, ... • When using a trigonometric function in f(x), specify Rad as the angle unit. • A smaller tol value increases precision, but it also increases calculation time. When specifying tol, use value that is 1 .. 10–14 or greater. Precautions for Integration Calculation Only • Integration normally requires considerable time to perform. • For f(x) ....0 where a ....x ..b (as in the case of ..0 1 3x2 – 2 = –1), calculation will produce a negative result. • Depending on the content of f(x) and the region of integration, calculation error that exceeds the tolerance may be generated, causing the calculator to display an error message. Precautions for Differential Calculation Only • If convergence to a solution cannont be found when tol input is omitted, the tol value will be adjusted automatically to determine the solution. • Non-consecutive points, abrupt fluctuation, extremely large or small points, inflection points, and the inclusion of points that cannot be differentiated, or a differential point or differential calculation result that approaches zero can cause poor precision or error. E-15 Tips for Successful Integration Calculations When a periodic function or integration interval results in positive and negative f(x) function values Perform separate integrations for each cycle, or for the positive part and the negative part, and then combine the results. S PositiveSS NegativeS Positive Negative b bbc cc b bb ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx = dx =dx = ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx dxdx + (– + (–+ (– ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx dxdx) )) .... .... .... a aaa aa c cc Positive Part Positive PartPositive Part Negative Part Negative PartNegative Part ( ((S SS Positive) Positive)Positive) ( ((S SS Negative) Negative)Negative) When integration values fluctuate widely due to minute shifts in the integration interval Divide the integration interval into multiple parts (in a way that breaks areas of wide fluctuation into small parts), perform integration on each part, and then combine the results. f ff ( ((x xx) )) b bb x xx1 11 x xx2 22 ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx = dx =dx = ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx dxdx + ++ ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx dxdx + ++ ..... .......... .... .... .... a aa a aax xx1 11 b bb + ....++ ....f ff( ((x xx) ))dx dxdx x xx x xx4 44a aa x xx1 11x xx2 22x xx3 33x xx4 b b44b Examples 11 sin 30°= 0.5 ..B .. 30.. 0.5 sin.10.5 = 30° ..B ....(sin.1) 0.5.. 30 22 sinh 1 = 1.175201194 ....(sinh) 1.. 1.175201194 cosh–1 1 = 0 ....(cosh.1) 1.. 0 33 ..../2 radians = 90°, 50 grads = 45° B ......(..)..2......(DRG..)..(r) 90 50....(DRG..)..(g) 45 4 44 To calculate e5......2 to three significant digits (Sci 3) ....(SETUP)..(Sci) ....(..) 5 .. 2 2.97.102 1 ....(..) 5 .... 2 2.97.102 55 log101000 = log 1000 = 3 .. 1000.. 3 log216 = 4 .. 2....(,) 16.. 4 .. 2..16 4 6 66 To calculate ln 90 (= loge 90) to three significant digits (Sci 3) ....(SETUP)..(Sci) .. 90.. 4.50.100 77 1.2 ....103 = 1200 .. 1.2 10 .. 3 1200 (1+1)2+2 = 16 ..1 1.... 2 2 16 (52)3 = 15625 ..5........(x3) 15625 = 2 ....(..) 5..32 2 .. 5....(..) 32.. 2 325 E-16 To calculate '2 . 3(= 3'2 = 4.242640687...) to three decimal places (Fix 3) ....(SETUP)..(Fix) .. 2 .. 3 3'2 .. 4.243 1 .. 2 .. 3 4.243 8 88 ..1 e ln(x) = 1 ........(X)....1C ..(e) 1 1 ........(X)......(,) 1....(,) ..(e).. 1 To obtain the derivative at point x = ../2 for the function y = sin(x) 9 99 * ....(..)? ..(X) ........(..)..2 0 1 ....(..)? ..(X) ....(,)....(..).. 2.. 0 1010 5 x = 1 (x + 1) = 20 ....(..) ..(X) 1..1 ..5 20 1 ....(..) ..(X) 1....(,) 1 ....(,) 5.. 20 1111 To convert rectangular coordinates ('2 , '2 ) to polar coordinates B ....(Pol).. 2......(,).. 2 .... r=2,.=45 1 ....(Pol).. 2......(,).. 2.....

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